Ovarian cancer is a serious health issue that affects thousands of women every year. It is the eighth most common cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. At Pill4me, we believe in empowering women with clear, accurate, and accessible health information. This blog gives you the facts about ovarian cancer, including incidence, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.
What Is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries or fallopian tubes and includes a variety of tumor types. About 90% of ovarian cancers are epithelial malignancies, and 70% to 80% of these are high-grade serous ovarian cancers. Less common types include:
- Endometrioid carcinoma
- Clear cell carcinoma
- Low-grade serous carcinoma
- Mucinous carcinoma
- Carcinosarcoma
¹
Who Is at Risk?
The median age of diagnosis is 63 years. Common risk factors for ovarian cancer include:
- Older age
- Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Endometriosis
- Nulliparity (never having given birth)
- Genetic predispositions, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, which account for about 25% of all cases¹
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Most women with ovarian cancer report nonspecific symptoms, which can lead to delayed diagnosis. Around 95% of patients experience symptoms such as:
- Abdominal bloating or pain
- Urinary urgency or frequency
- Changes in bowel habits
¹
Sadly, 80% of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage (Stage III or IV), when the cancer has spread beyond the pelvis.
How Is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?
Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Tests include:
- Pelvic ultrasound
- CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis
- Serum tumor markers: CA-125, CA 19-9, and CEA
¹
Treatment for Ovarian Cancer
Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer (Stage I–II)
If the cancer is limited to the ovaries or pelvis, treatment usually involves:
- Surgery (hysterectomy, removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes, omentectomy)
- Adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel
Survival rates for early-stage ovarian cancer are high, with a 5-year survival of 70%–95%¹.
Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer (Stage III–IV)
Treatment for later-stage disease typically includes:
- Primary cytoreductive surgery (removal of visible tumors)
- Chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel)
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in some cases
Patients often receive maintenance therapy with:
- Bevacizumab – a monoclonal antibody that blocks blood vessel growth in tumors
- PARP inhibitors like olaparib or niraparib – especially for BRCA-related cancers
With treatment, 5-year survival rates for advanced-stage ovarian cancer range from 10% to 40%. However, those with BRCA mutations may achieve up to 70% survival with PARP inhibitors¹.
Managing Recurrence and Long-Term Support
Unfortunately, about 75% of women with advanced ovarian cancer relapse within two years despite an initial remission rate of 80%. However, ongoing advances in maintenance therapies and treatment algorithms continue to improve outcomes¹.
Resources for Patients
Support and education are essential. These trusted resources offer information and community:
- Ovarian Cancer Canada offers a free patient guide, videos, peer support, and educational events²
- Canadian Cancer Society provides detailed information about diagnosis, treatment, and prevention³
Summary: Know the Signs, Get Informed
Ovarian cancer is often called the “silent killer” because symptoms are vague and diagnosis often comes late. Knowing the risk factors, recognizing early symptoms, and understanding treatment options can make a life-saving difference.
At Pill4me, we’re committed to helping women take charge of their health. Stay informed, share knowledge, and consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about ovarian cancer.
References
- Caruso G, Weroha SJ, Cliby W. Ovarian cancer. A review. JAMA 2025; published online July 21, 2025.
- Ovarian Cancer Canada. Support and education. (accessed July 22, 2025).
- Canadian Cancer Society. Ovarian cancer. (accessed July 22, 2025).
The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis, treatment options, and medical guidance specific to your individual health needs. Pill4me does not provide medical services, diagnosis, or treatment.